Irrigation refers to the use of water to irrigate the land, mainly including flooding, sprinkler irrigation, micro-sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, infiltration irrigation, deficit irrigation and other methods, which are divided into pre-sowing irrigation, seedling irrigation, growing season irrigation and winter irrigation. The principle of irrigation is that the amount of irrigation, the number of irrigations and the time should be determined according to the water requirements of medicinal plants, the growth stage, the climate and the soil conditions. It should be timely, appropriate and reasonable.

Flooding

Economic and geographical conditions, such as the size of the area to be irrigated, what technology is available, labor costs, etc. Plants are arranged in rows in the furrows and ridges or grow in the seedbeds. Water enters the farmland along the channels and flows along the ridges or the edges of the seedbeds. It is also possible to use hard plastic pipes or aluminum pipes to divert water in the field, make holes for irrigation at intervals on the pipes, and connect the channels with siphons.

The application of pipes can control the water flow. Due to differences in temperature, wind speed, soil, infiltration capacity, etc., flooding irrigation can easily cause more water in some places and less water in others. The pipes can be moved, so this uneven phenomenon can be controlled. Especially if automatic valves are used, efficiency can be increased.

However, flood irrigation is a waste of water resources, requires more labor, and easily causes groundwater levels to rise, thus causing soil salinization. It has been gradually eliminated in developed countries. However, it is still widely used in most developing countries because it only requires a small amount of funds and technology.

Sprinkler irrigation

Sprinkler irrigation is a method of sending water from a pipe to a nozzle located in the field. There are high and low pressure differences, and it can also be divided into fixed and mobile types. Fixed nozzles are installed in fixed places, and some nozzles are installed at the height of the ground surface. They are mainly used in places that require beauty, such as golf courses, racecourses, parks, cemeteries, etc.

Micro sprinkler irrigation

Micro sprinkler irrigation is a form of irrigation that uses refraction, rotation, or radiation micro sprinklers to evenly spray water on crop branches and leaves, etc., and belongs to the category of micro irrigation. Micro-sprinkler irrigation has low working pressure and small flow rate. It can increase soil moisture in a timely and quantitative manner, increase air humidity, and regulate local microclimate. It is widely used in vegetable, flower, orchard, medicinal material planting sites, as well as cutting seedlings, breeding sites and other areas for humidification and cooling.

Drip irrigation

Drip irrigation is an irrigation form that drips water drop by drop, evenly and slowly into the soil near the plant roots. The drip flow rate is small, and the water drops slowly enter the soil, which can minimize evaporation losses. If mulch is added, evaporation can be further reduced. Under drip irrigation conditions, except for the soil moisture close to the dripper, which is in a saturated state, the soil moisture in other parts is in an unsaturated state. The soil moisture mainly infiltrates and diffuses with the help of capillary tension.

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